Fosfatase Cdc25B: Interações transientes intramoleculares e complexação com pequenos ligantes / Cdc25B phosphatase: Transient intramolecular interactions and small molecules complexation

Proteínas tirosina-fosfatase (PTPs) possuem papel fundamental na regulação da transdução de sinais e estão envolvidas em diversos processos fundamentais do ciclo celular. As Cdc25 (Cell Division Cycle 25) são fosfatases duais encontradas em todos os organismos eucarióticos e atuam em checkpoints do ciclo celular, permitindo ou inibindo o prosseguimento deste. Este grupo de proteínas pertence à classe de PTPs com atividade baseada em cisteína, apresenta domínio catalítico altamente conservado assim como o motivo catalítico, P-loop. Devido sua função, as Cdc25 são consideradas possíveis alvos terapêuticos para tratamento de câncer e sua interação com pequenas moléculas e inibidores tem sido investigada de forma que análises estruturais e de ligação das Cdc25 com inibidores podem elucidar aspectos importantes do mecanismo de ação destes além de direcionar para o desenho racional de fármacos. Interações cátion-π são interações intra ou intermoleculares não-covalentes que ocorrem entre uma espécie química catiônica, como o grupo guanidino de argininas, e uma das faces de um sistema π rico em elétrons, como dos anéis indólicos de triptofanos. Apesar de pouco discutidas na literatura, quando em comparação às interações não-covalentes mais convencionais, do ponto de vista energético as interações cátion-π são tão importantes na estruturação de proteínas quanto às ligações de hidrogênio ou pontes salinas. De fato estas interações são observadas com frequência em estruturas proteicas resolvidas. O domínio catalítico da Cdc25B possui diversas argininas expostas em sua superfície e um único resíduo de triptofano localizado na região C-terminal flexível, muito próximo do sítio catalítico da proteína. A flexibilidade de proteínas ou de regiões proteicas apresenta importante papel no reconhecimento entre biomoléculas participantes de vias de sinalização e tem sido muito estudada atualmente. Aqui, simulações de dinâmica molecular, experimentos de 1H-15N HSQC RMN, ensaios de cinética de inibição e de ancoragem molecular, evidenciam a existência de contatos cátion-π transientes na superfície de um importante membro da família das Cdc25, a Cdc25B, e de sítios de interação entre inibidores testados e a proteína com destaque a sítios na proximidades do P-loop, região próxima ao C-terminal desordenado, onde se demonstra estabilidade da interação com os pequenos ligantes

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs) play a fundamental role in the regulation of signal transduction and are involved in several fundamental processes of the cell cycle. Cdc25 (Cell Division Cycle 25) are dual phosphatases found in all eukaryotic organisms and act at checkpoints of the cell cycle, allowing or inhibiting its progression. This group of proteins belongs to the class of PTPs with cysteine-based activity, presenting a highly conserved catalytic domain as well as the catalytic motif, P-loop. Due to their function, Cdc25 are considered possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and their interaction with small molecules and inhibitors has been investigated so that structural and binding analyzes of Cdc25 with inhibitors can elucidate important aspects of their mechanism of action besides directing to rational drug design. Cation-π interactions are non-covalent intra- or intermolecular interactions that occur between a cationic chemical species, such as the guanidino group of arginines, and one of the faces of an electron-rich system, such as the indole rings of tryptophans. Although little discussed in the literature, when compared to more conventional non-covalent interactions, from the energetic point of view, cation-π interactions are as important in the structuring of proteins as hydrogen bonds or salt bridges. In fact, these interactions are frequently observed in solved protein structures. The catalytic domain of Cdc25B has several arginines exposed on its surface and a single tryptophan residue located in the flexible C-terminal region, very close to the catalytic site of the protein. The flexibility of proteins or protein regions plays an important role in the recognition between biomolecules participating in signaling pathways and has been extensively studied today. Here, molecular dynamics simulations, 1H-15N HSQC NMR experiments, inhibition kinetics and molecular anchoring assays, evidence the existence of transient cation-π contacts on the surface of an important member of the Cdc25 family, Cdc25B, and of sites of interaction between tested inhibitors and the protein, with emphasis on sites in the vicinity of the P-loop, a region close to the disordered C-terminus, where stability of the interaction with the small ligands is demonstrated

Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica in a patient with HNF1A-MODY

SUMMARY Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus with distinct clinical features. Clinical dermatological phenotypes in MODY patients are very rare in literature. This report describes a patient with HNF1A-MODY presenting with necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) and granuloma annulare (GA). A 39-year-old asymptomatic woman, with atypical diabetes diagnosed at age 17, has a confirmed HNF1A mutation on exon 2 (c.392G>A, p.R131Q), classified as Pathogenic by the ACMG guidelines. She has reasonable metabolic control using oral anti-diabetic medications and has no chronic diabetic complications. Clinical and histologic diagnoses of both NL and GA were made. We discuss these conditions and their association with MODY.

COVID immunity in the Angolan population :Serological study with Abbott COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test and serological mini VIDAS BIOMERIEUX test

Background: The numbers of severe COVID cases and COVID-related deaths on the African continent are lower than expected. We hypothesize that this paradox may be due to the achieved immunity in black Africans. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on Angolan people who performed the Panbio Abbott COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test in a health unit in Luanda. One hundred randomly selected subjects in those with positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) underwent the serological mini VIDAS BIOMERIEUX test. Results: In our population study (2409 subjects), 791 (32.83%) had positive IgG at the Panbio Abbott COVID-19 test. One hundred were randomly selected. The mean age was 39.55, and 96% were males. The positivity to IgG was validated in 72 subjects at the mini VIDAS BIOMERIEUX test. Conclusion: These results support our hypothesis that in the Angolan/African population a previously achieved immunity may be one of the reasons why this continent was not affected by COVID-19 as expected.

Low- and high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites / Resinas compostas bulk-fill de baixa e alta viscosidade

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare low- and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites for Knoop microhardness (KHN), microtensile bond strength (MTBS) to dentin in occlusal cavities, and fracture strength (FS) in molars with mesialocclusal- distal restoration. Disk-shaped samples with different thicknesses (2 or 4 mm) of low-viscosity (SDR Flow, Dentsply) and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (Filtek BulkFill, 3M ESPE; and Tetric-N Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) were prepared for top and bottom KHN analysis (n=10). MTBS to dentin and fracture pattern was evaluated in human molars with occlusal cavities restored with (n=10): conventional nanocomposite (Z350XT, 3M ESPE), low-viscosity (Filtek Bulk-fill Flow, 3M ESPE) or high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (Filtek BulkFill). The FS and fracture pattern of human molar with mesial-occlusal-distal restorations submitted or not to thermomechanical cycling were investigated (n=10) using: intact tooth (control), and restoration based on conventional microhybrid composite (Z250, 3M ESPE), low-viscosity (SDR Flow) or high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (Filtek BulkFill). The data were submitted to split-plot ANOVA (KHN), one-way ANOVA (MTBS), two-way ANOVA (FS) followed by Tukey's test (α=0.05). For KHN, there was no significant difference for the resin composites between the top and bottom. For MTBS, no significant differences among the materials were detected; however, the low-viscosity composite presented lower frequency of adhesive failures. For FS, there was no significant difference between composites and intact tooth regardless of thermomechanical cycling. Low- and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites have comparable microhardness and microtensile bond strength when used in occlusal restorations. Likewise, the bulk-fill composites present similar fracture strength in molars with mesio-occlusal-distal restorations.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar resinas compostas bulk- -fill de baixa e alta viscosidade quanto à microdureza Knoop (KHN), resistência de união a microtração (MTBS) em cavidades oclusais e carga à fratura (FS) em molares com restauração mesio-oclusal-distal. Amostras em forma de disco com diferentes espessuras (2 ou 4 mm) de resinas bulk-fill de baixa viscosidade (SDR Flow, Dentsply) e alta viscosidade (Filtek BulkFill, 3M ESPE; e Tetric-N Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) foram obtidas para análise de KHN no topo e na base (n = 10). A MTBS em dentina e o padrão de fratura foram avaliados em molares humanos com cavidades oclusais restauradas com (n = 10): resina composta nanoparticulada convencional (Z350XT, 3M ESPE), resinas bulk-fill de baixa viscosidade (Filtek Bulk-fill Flow, 3M ESPE) ou alta viscosidade (Filtek BulkFill). Foram investigados a FS e o padrão de fratura de molares humanos em restaurações mesial-ocluso-distais sub metidas ou não à ciclagem termomecânica (n = 10), sendo: dente íntegro (controle), e restaurações baseadas em resina composta microhíbrida convencional (Z250, 3M ESPE); resinas bulk-fill de baixa viscosidade (SDR Flow) ou alta viscosidade (Filtek BulkFill). Os dados foram submetidos a split-plot ANOVA (KHN), one-way ANOVA (MTBS), two-way ANOVA (FS) seguidos do teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Para KHN, não houve diferença significativa entre o topo e a base para as resinas compostas. Para MTBS, não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os materiais; entretanto, a resina bulk-fill de baixa viscosidade apresentou menor frequência de falhas adesivas. Para FS, não houve diferença significativa entre os materiais e o dente íntegro, independentemente da ciclagem termomecânica. As resinas bulk-fill de baixa e alta viscosidade têm microdureza e resistência à microtração comparáveis quando usados em restaurações oclusais. Da mesma forma, as resinas bulk-fill apresentam resistência à fratura semelhante em molares com restaurações mesio-oclusal-distais.

Ammonia volatilization in response to coated and conventional urea in maize crop field / Volatilização de amônia utilizando ureia convencional e revestida na cultura do milho

The properly measurement of gas emissions and nutrient availability to crops using technologies such as polymer-coated urea are required to monitored the possible nitrogen (N) fertilizer pollution in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate N loss through ammonia volatilization from polymer-coated and conventional urea in maize field trials under two different environments. The study was carried out in Chapadão do Sul and Selvíria State of Mato Grosso do Sul evaluating the first and second harvest of maize plants. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied as polymer-coated, conventional urea and control plots were used as reference to evaluate N loss through volatilization (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after fertilizer application). The peak of ammonia volatilization was observed during the first three days after fertilizer application corresponding up to 44% of total N supplied. Polymer-coated urea had promising results showing less ammonia volatilization during the first crop. However, the same result was not observed for second crop.

A necessidade de mensurar adequadamente a emissão de gases e também o fornecimento de nutrientes às culturas por tecnologias como o revestimento da ureia com polímeros são necessários para monitar a possível poluição de fertilizantes nitrogenados no ambiente. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar as perdas de nitrogênio (N) por volatilização pela ureia convencional e ureia revestida compolímero, em duas épocas de cultivo do milho (Zea mays L.), em duas regiões do cerrado brasileiro. Os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos em Chapadão do Sul e Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, na cultura do milho "primeira safra" e "segunda safra", respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela ureia e ureia revestida por polímero aplicada em cobertura além de um tratamento controle (sem N) em função de épocas de monitoramento das perdas de N por volatilização (3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias após a adubação) com 5 repetições. Foi mensurado as perdas de N por volatilização nas respectivas épocas e o total acumulado no período. O pico de volatilização ocorreu durante os três primeiros dias, atingindo patamares de até 44% do total de N fornecido. O revestimento da ureia com polímeros apresentou resultados promissores, diminuindo as perdas de N-NH3 por volatilização no milho "primeira safra". Todavia, os resultados obtidos no milho "segunda safra" não permitem generalizar tais benefícios.

Searching for mutations in the HNF1B gene in a Brazilian cohort with renal cysts and hyperglycemia

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the presence of variants in HNF1B in a sample of the Brazilian population selected according to the presence of renal cysts associated with hyperglycemia. Subjects and methods We evaluated 28 unrelated patients with clinical suspicion of HNF1B mutation because of the concomitant presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes and renal cysts. Genotyping was accomplished using Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). In positive cases, available relatives were recruited. Results We found two patients with HNF1B mutations. The first presented the variant p.Pro328Leufs*48(c.983delC) and had DM, renal cysts, and hypomagnesemia. The second presented a heterozygous whole gene deletion in HNF1B, DM, renal cysts, body and tail pancreatic agenesis, and hypomagnesemia; this alteration was also found in his two siblings and his father. Conclusion The recruitment of suspected cases of HNF1B gene mutations in Brazilians due to hyperglycemia and renal cysts presents two positive cases. Our cases contribute to the annotation of clinical and biochemical phenotypes of this rare form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

Physiological response of marandu grass seeds exposed to NPK fertilizer / Resposta fisiológica de sementes de capim marandu expostas ao fertilizante NPK

ABSTRACT: To facilitate seeding process of forage species, a common practice is to mix seeds with fertilizers in monocropping and intercropping or in implementing integrated livestock production systems. However, in prolonged periods of contact, the fertilizer's salinity and acidity negatively affect the seeds' physiological quality. Therefore, this study intends to verify the effect of ten periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) of exposure to granular NPK fertilizer 04-30-16 on the vigor and germination of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replication. The fertilizer and seed mixture registered a negative effect on seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, and seedling and radicle length as the period of exposure to the fertilizer increased from 3 to 120 hours.

RESUMO: Para facilitar o processo de semeadura de espécies forrageiras é comum a mistura de sementes com fertilizantes, seja em cultivo exclusivo, consorciado ou na implantação de sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária. Entretanto, a salinidade e acidez do fertilizante, em longos períodos de mistura, supõe-se ação deletéria na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de dez tempos de mistura (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas) do fertilizante granulado NPK 04-30-16, sobre vigor e germinação de sementes de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Houve efeito negativo da mistura de fertilizante com as sementes para o grau de umidade, condutividade elétrica, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimentos de plântula e de radícula em função do incremento do tempo de mistura com fertilizante, de 3 a 120 horas de exposição.

Correlation among three non-invasive methods (APRI, FIB-4 and Transient elastography) to evaluate liver function and stiffness in patients with viral hepatitis c or schistosomiasis mansoni

Both chronic viral hepatitis and schistosomiasis are potentially serious causes of liver fibrosis. Several studies suggest, however, that hepatic fibrosis may be reversible, which highlights the importance, not only of early diagnosis, but, above all, observing this while monitoring the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between three non-invasive methods for classification of hepatic fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis or schistosomiasis. The sample consisted of 45 patients with chronic hepatitis with HCV and 17 with schistosomiasis. Medical records were analyzed for data collection related to sex, body mass index (BMI) and laboratory testing for biochemical markers. The evaluation was carried out by means of the following hepatic diagnostic methods: APRI, FIB-4 and Transient Elastography (Fibroscan), and the subsequent correlation analysis by Spearman test (r). There was a predominance of males among patients with HCV (64.4%). HCV patients also presented the highest average age (54.8 years) and high levels of AST and ALT. Positive correlation was noted between APRI and FIB-4 results in patients of both groups; positive correlation between APRI and Transient Elastography in patients with HCV; and positive correlation between FIB-4 and Elastography in patients with HCV or schistosomiasis. Our data suggest that the non-invasive methods for diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic fibrosis present a high degree of acceptance, especially in patients with HCV.

Caracterização clínica dos pacientes com hemoglobinopatia atendidos no Hemocentro de Sergipe / Clinical characterization of patients with hemoglobinopathy at Sergipe's Hemocentro

Descrever as características clínicas dos pacientes com hemoglobinopatias do Hemocentro de Sergipe. Neste estudo transversal foram coletados dados clínicos dos pacientes portadores de hemoglobinopatias através da leitura dos prontuários. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e análise de variáveis utilizando-se o teste ANOVA para comparação de médias e o teste exato de Fisher para associação, utilizando em ambos uma significância com p<0,05. Foram coletados os dados de 96 pacientes. A principal hemoglobinopatia encontrada foi a SS (85,4%), seguida da SC (11,5%) e ßtalassemia (3,1%). A principal complicação encontrada foi a hiperferritinemia (50,7%), que teve uma relação direta com a hemotransfusão (p=0,039) e os pacientes com mais complicações tinham uma maior idade (p=0,026). A hemotransfusão foi necessária em 71,9% dos pacientes, enquanto que a hidroxiureia e o deserafirox em 40,6% e 13,5%, respectivamente. A principal hemoglobinopatia encontrada foi SS, teve como principal complicação a hiperferritinemia e o principal tratamento realizado foi a hemotransfusão.

To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with hemoglobinopathies at the Blood Center of Sergipe. In this cross-sectional study, clinical data were collected from patients with hemoglobinopathies by reading the medical records. Descriptive statistics and variable analysis were performed using the ANOVA test for comparison of means and Fisher's exact test for association, using a significance level of p<0.05. Data were collected from 96 patients. The main hemoglobinopathy found was SS (85.4%), followed by SC (11.5%) and ß-thalassemia (3.1%). The main complication was hyperferritinemia (50.7%), which had a direct relationship with blood transfusion (p=0.039) and patients with more complications had an older age (p=0.026). Hemotransfusion was required in 71.9% of the patients, whereas hydroxyurea and deserafirox in 40.6% and 13.5%, respectively. The main hemoglobinopathy found was SS, the main complication was hyperferritinemia and the main treatment was hemotransfusion.

Características clínicas, funcionais e sobrevida dos pacientes com pneumonia de hipersensibilidade do Ambulatório de Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) / Clinical, functional and survival in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonia Center of Pulmonary Interstitial Disease of Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC- UFMG)

A pneumonia de hipersensibilidade (PH) constitui síndrome inflamatória causada pela resposta imune exagerada a partículas antigênicas inaladas. Objetivo: descrever características clínicas, radiológicas, funcionais esobrevida de pacientes com PH. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo pacientes em acompanhamento no ambulatório de doenças pulmonares intersticiais do HC-UFMG no período de 2011 a 2015. Analisados dados clínicos, radiológicos, funcionais e morfológicos coletados através de um protocolo padronizado. Resultados: Dentre 139 pacientes com doenças intersticiais pulmonares, 34 (24%) tinham PH, com idade de 60,7 ± 18,1 anos. Exposição a mofo foi a etiologia mais frequente (19;55%). A forma crônica foi predominante (100% doas casos), assim como a presença de padrão reticular na tomografia de tórax (100%), com ou sem faveolamento. Observou-se distúrbio restritivo leve (CVF=69,00 ± 17,62L) associado a redução moderada da difusão de monóxido de carbono (59,20 ± 16,99%). O lavado broncoalveolar não auxiliou no diagnóstico e a biópsia transbrônquica foi diagnóstica em 5 (55%) casos e a biópsia cirúrgica foi conclusiva em 6 (85,7%). A sobrevida mediana foi de 75 meses. Conclusão: Nesta amostra de um ambulatório de referência, a PH respondeu por cerca de um quarto dos pacientes com doença intersticial pulmonar. A exposição a mofo foi a principal etiologia e a mortalidade significativa, o que reforça a importância da adoção de medidas preventivas através do reconhecimento precoce da exposição aos fatores de risco. (AU)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) inflammatory is a syndrome caused by an excessive immune response to inhaled antigen particles. Objective:To describe clinical, radiological and functional characteristics and survival in patients with HP. Methodology: Retrospective study involving patients followed up at the pulmonary interstitial diseases clinic of the HC-UFMG from 2011 to 2015. Clinical, radiological, functional and morphological data were analysed from a standardized protocol. Results: Among 139 patients with interstitial lung disease, 34 (24%) had HP, aged 60.7 ± 18.1 years. Mold exposure was the most frequent cause (19; 55%). The chronic form predominated (100% donate cases), as well as the presence of reticular pattern on the chest tomography (100%), with or without honeycombing. There was mild restrictive lung disease (FVC = 69.00 ± 17,62L) associated with moderate reduction in carbon monoxide diffusion (59.20 ± 16.99%). Bronchoalveolar lavage did not help in the diagnosis and transbronchial biopsy was diagnostic in 5 (55%) cases; surgical biopsy was conclusive in 6 (85.7%). Median survival was 60 months. Conclusion: In this sample of a reference clinic, HP accounted for about a quarter of the patients with interstitial lung disease. The mold exposure was the main etiology and the mortality rate was significant, what reinforces the importance of adopting preventive measures through early recognition of exposure to risk factors. (AU)

More than kin, less than kind: one family and the many faces of diabetes in youth

SUMMARY Identification of the correct etiology of diabetes brings important implications for clinical management. In this report, we describe a case of a 4-year old asymptomatic girl with diabetes since age 2, along with several individuals in her family with different etiologies for hyperglycemia identified in youth. Genetic analyses were made by Sanger sequencing, laboratory measurements included HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting C-peptide, pancreatic auto-antibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD], Islet Antigen 2 [IA-2], and anti-insulin). We found a Gly178Ala substitution in exon 5 of GCK gene in three individuals co-segregating with diabetes, and type 1 diabetes was identified in two other individuals based on clinical and laboratory data. One individual with previous gestational diabetes and other with prediabetes were also described. We discuss difficulties in defining etiology of hyperglycemia in youth in clinical practice, especially monogenic forms of diabetes, in spite of the availability of several genetic, laboratory, and clinical tools.

Relationships between adiponectin levels, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: a literature review

ABSTRACT Elevated hepatic glucose production, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance - abnormalities of glucose metabolism typically found in subjects with obesity - are major factors underlying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and the metabolic syndrome (MS). Adiponectin is a major regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis via its insulin-sensitizing properties, and lower levels seems to be associated with the development of DM2 and MS. The purpose of this review is to clarify the mechanisms whereby adiponectin relates to the development of DM2 and MS and the association between polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene, circulating levels of the hormone, and its relationships with DM2. In addition, the impact of dietary lipids in the circulating levels of adiponectin will be addressed. According to the literature, circulating adiponectin levels seem to decrease as the number of MS components increases. Lower adiponectin concentrations are associated with higher intra-abdominal fat content. Therefore, adiponectin could link intra-abdominal fat with insulin resistance and development of MS. Therapeutic strategies that target the MS and its components, such as lifestyle modification through physical activity and weight loss, have been shown to increase adiponectin concentrations. Possible roles of diets containing either low or high amounts of fat, or different types of fat, have been analyzed in several studies, with heterogeneous results. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA modestly increases adiponectin levels, whereas conjugated linoleic acid supplementation appears to reduce concentrations when compared with unsaturated fatty acid supplementation used as an active placebo.

Efficiency of polymerization of bulk-fill composite resins: a systematic review

Abstract This systematic review assessed the literature to evaluate the efficiency of polymerization of bulk-fill composite resins at 4 mm restoration depth. PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched with no restrictions on year, publication status, or article's language. Selection criteria included studies that evaluated bulk-fill composite resin when inserted in a minimum thickness of 4 mm, followed by curing according to the manufacturers' instructions; presented sound statistical data; and comparison with a control group and/or a reference measurement of quality of polymerization. The evidence level was evaluated by qualitative scoring system and classified as high-, moderate- and low- evidence level. A total of 534 articles were retrieved in the initial search. After the review process, only 10 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles included (80%) were classified as high evidence level. Among several techniques, microhardness was the most frequently method performed by the studies included in this systematic review. Irrespective to the "in vitro" method performed, bulk fill RBCs were partially likely to fulfill the important requirement regarding properly curing in 4 mm of cavity depth measured by depth of cure and / or degree of conversion. In general, low viscosities BFCs performed better regarding polymerization efficiency compared to the high viscosities BFCs.

Comparing depth-dependent curing radiant exposure and time of curing of regular and flow bulk-fill composites

Abstract The effect of restoration depth on the curing time of a conventional and two bulk-fill composite resins by measuring microhardness and the respective radiosity of the bottom surface of the specimen was investigated. 1-, 3- and 5-mm thick washers were filled with Surefil SDR Flow-U (SDR), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill-IVA (TEC) or Esthet-X HD-B1 (EHD), and cured with Bluephase® G2 for 40s. Additional 1-mm washers were filled with SDR, TEC or EHD, placed above the light sensor of MARC®, stacked with pre-cured 1-, 3- or 5-mm washer of respective material, and cured for 2.5~60s to mimic 2-, 4- and 6-mm thick composite curing. The sensor measured the radiosity (EB) at the bottom of specimen stacks. Vickers hardness (VH) was measured immediately at 5 locations with triplicate specimens. Nonlinear regression of VH vs EB by VH=α[1-exp(-EB/β)] with all thickness shows that the values of α, maximum hardness, are 21.6±1.0 kg/mm2 for SDR, 38.3±0.6 kg/mm2 for TEC and 45.3±2.6 kg/mm2 for EHD, and the values of β, rate parameter, are 0.40±0.06 J/cm2 for SDR, 0.77±0.04 J/cm2 for TEC and 0.58±0.09 J/cm2 for EHD. The radiosity of the bottom surface was calculated when the bottom surface of each material attained 80% of α of each material. The curing times for each material are in agreement with manufacturer recommendation for thickness. It is possible to estimate time needed to cure composite resin of known depth adequately by the radiosity and microhardness of the bottom surface.

Uso de resina bulk-fill e novo sistema de matriz seccional para otimizar restaurações Classe II / The use of a bulk-fill composite and a new sectional matrix system for optimization for Class II restorations

Novas tecnologias aliadas a novos materiais vêm de encontro à filosofia de facilitar a clínica diária, diminuindo o número de passos, consequentemente diminuindo a chance de erro se utilizando menos tempo clínico para obter bons resultados. Paciente do gênero masculino,38 anos, apresentava uma restauração classe II OD deficiente no elemento 36. Foi realizado oexame clínico, radiográfico e seleção de cor. Sobre isolamento absoluto, a restauração antiga e a lesão de cárie foram removidas. Para a realização da nova restauração foi utilizado um sistema de matriz seccional e uma resina composta de baixa tensão de contração de polimerização e baixa viscosidade com a técnica bulk-fill, seguida por uma resina convencional como é preconizado.Pode-se observar que a técnica bulk-fill é bastante simples quando comparada à técnica incremental tradicional e aliada ao uso do sistema de matrizes seccionais otimizam ainda mais o dia-a-dia na clínica.

New technologies associated with new materials have been introduced to facilitate the dailyclinical procedures, reducing the number of steps, thus reducing the chance of mistakes andchair time for clinical procedures. Male patient, 38 years old, had a deficient OD class II restorationin the lower left first molar. Clinical examination, x-ray and color selection were performed.Using rubber dam isolation, the old restoration and caries were removed. For the new restorationa sectional matrix system and a low-stress flowable bulk-fill composite were used, followedby a conventional nanohybrid composite as recommended. It can be seen that the bulk-fill techniqueis quite simple compared to the traditional incremental technique and combined withthe system of sectional matrix system further optimize the restorative procedures.

Inclusão social através do desporto Estudo do programa Pintando a Liberdade e Cidadania, em Feira de Santana, Bahia Brasil / Sports and Social Inclusion. Study of the Program Pintando a Liberdade e Cidadania?, Feira de Santana, Bahia Brasil

O presente estudo pretendeu compreender qual foi o papel do Programa ?Pintando a Liberdade e Cidadania? na inclusão social em Feira de Santana. O estudo teve caráter etnográfico, e utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo para examinar os dados restantes da análise documental, da observação participante e de entrevistas. A maioria dos dados aponta o poder de unir e transformar as pessoas a principal razão para utilização do desporto como tema central do Programa. Dentre os seus principais objetivos, salientam-se o gerar trabalho, renda e a solidariedade. As estratégias principais utilizadas centraram-se em possibilitar oportunidades de vida aos mais carenciados e na formalização de convênios. A profissionalização e inserção profissional foram identificados como sendo os principais resultados obtidos. Entre as principais razões para o seu sucesso, salientam-se a liderança e a organização, o reconhecimento da comunidade e a busca de superação.

This study sought to understand what the role of the program "Pintando a Liberdade e Cidadania" meant to social inclusion in Feira de Santana. This ethnographic study used the technique of content analysis to examine the remaining data in all document analysis, participant observation, and interviews. Most of the data highlights the power to transform and unite people as the main reason for using sport as the central theme of the program. Among its main objectives, this program focuses on creating job opportunities, incomes, and solidarity. The strategies used focused primarily on providing assistance and better opportunities to needy families, as well as on formalizing agreements. As a result, professionalism and employability were identified as the main results achieved. Leadership, organization, community recognition, and the quest to overcome limits are greatly highlighted among the core reasons for this program?s success.

Ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of glass ionomer materials / Resistência coesiva e microdureza de materiais ionoméricos

Objective: This study evaluated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness (µKH) of conventional (CO) and hybrid resin-modified glass ionomer (RM). Material and methods: Nine specimens to UTS and twelve for µKHN of glass ionomer materials were obtained using special molds. The materials were manipulated and CO groups were allowed to self-cure for five minutes and RM were subjected to light-activation as indicated by manufactures through a glass slide. All specimens were dark-stored in 100% relative humidity for 24 h. For UTS test, specimens were tested in tension in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed of 1 mm/ min) until failure. For µKHN test a Knoop diamond indenter was used to make five indentations in the upper/light irradiated surface of the specimens. UTS and µKHN data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 5%). Results: The results for UTS were: Ionomaster: 7.0 (± 1.6) A; Maxxion R: 8.8 (± 3.7) A Vidrion R: 8.8 (± 3.9) A; ChemFil Rock: 10.7 (± 4.6) AB; Vitremer: 13.1 (± 3.3)BC; Vitrofil R: 14.9 (± 7.8)CD; Ionoseal: 14.5 (± 8.2)CD; Resiglass: 16.3 (± 2.3)D. The results for µKH: Ionomaster: 24.3 (± 6.6)B; Maxxion R: 17.7 (± 4.7) A, Vidrion R: 31.0 (± 9.4) B; ChemFil Rock: 31.1 (± 8.5)B; Vitremer: 20.3 (± 3.3) A; Vitrofil R: 16.5 (± 5.1) A; Ionoseal: 13.1 (± 8.5) A; Resiglass: 21.6 (± 5.2) A. Conclusion: It was observed that the hybrid resin-modified ionomers generally have higher cohesive strength than conventional ones, but lower microhardness

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a resistência coesiva (UTS) e microdureza (μKH) de materiais ionoméricos, convencional (CO) e híbrido de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina (RM). Material e Métodos: Nove amostras para UTS e doze para μKHN de materiais ionoméricos foram preparadas utilizando matrizes especiais. Os materiais foram manipulados e grupos CO sofreram a autocura durante cinco minutos e os RM foram submetidos à ativação por luz como indicado pelos fabricantes através de uma lamínula de vidro. Todos os espécimes foram armazenados no escuro, em 100 % de umidade relativa por 24 horas. Para o teste de UTS, os espécimes foram testados em tensão numa máquina de ensaios universal (velocidade de 1 mm/min ) até a falha. Para o teste μKH um diamante penetrador tipo Knoop foi usado para fazer 5 endentações na parte superior; irradiada pela luz na superfície dos espécimes. Os dados de UTS e de μKHN foram submetidos a one-way ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (α = 5%). Resultados: Os resultados para UTS foram: Ionomaster: 7,0 (± 1,6) A; Maxxion R: 8,8 (± 3,7) A Vidrion R: 8,8 (± 3,9) A; Chemfil Rock: 10,7 (± 4,6) AB; Vitremer: 13,1 (± 3,3)BC; Vitrofil R: 14,9 (± 7,8) CD; Ionoseal: 14,5 (± 8,2) CD; Resiglass: 16,3 (± 2,3)D. Os resultados para μKH: Ionomaster: 24,3 (± 6,6) B; Maxxion R: 17,7 (± 4,7) A, Vidrion R: 31,0 (± 9,4) B; Chemfil Rock: 31,1 (± 8,5) B; Vitremer: 20,3 (± 3,3) A; Vitrofil R: 16,5 (± 5,1) A; Ionoseal: 13,1 (± 8,5) A; Resiglass: 21,6 (± 5,2) A. Conclusão: Observou-se que os híbridos de ionômero de vidro modificados por resina geralmente têm força coesiva mais alta do que os convencionais, mas menor dureza.

Gene detection and toxin production evaluation of hemolysin BL of Bacillus cereus isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in Brazil

Bacillus cereusis an ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria that can survive pasteurization and the majority of the heating processes used in the dairy industry. Besides, it is a pathogen responsible for different types of food poisoning. One type of foodborne disease caused by B.cereusis the diarrheal syndrome, which is caused by the ingestion of vegetative cells producing toxins in the small intestine. One virulence factor for the diarrheal syndrome is the toxin hemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component protein formed by the L1, L2 and B components. In order to evaluate the presence of diarrheal strains isolated from milk and dairy products, 63 B. cereus isolates were obtained from 260 samples of UHT milk, pasteurized milk and powdered milk, sold in commercial establishments and from different brands. The isolates were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of the encoding genes for the L1, L2 and B components and the toxin production capacity were evaluated with an immunoassay. A total of 23 [36.5%] isolates were identified carrying simultaneously the three tested genes, from which, 20 [86.9%] showed toxigenic capacity. 26 [41.3%] isolates did not carry any of genes tested and the other 14 [22.2%] were positive for one or two of them. The results showed a high toxigenic capacity among the B. cereus isolates able to produce the HBL, indicating a potential risk for consumers.

Clinical follow-up of two Brazilian subjects with glucokinase-MODY (MODY2) with description of a novel mutation / Seguimento clínico de dois pacientes brasileiros com MODY-glicoquinase (MODY2) e descrição de uma nova mutação

Mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK) account for many cases of monogenic diabetes featuring maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2). The clinical pattern of this form of hyperglycemia is rather stable, with a slight elevation in blood glucose, which is usually not progressive. Patients rarely require pharmacological interventions and microvascular complications related to diabetes are unusual. We describe the clinical follow-up of two cases of MODY2 with two different mutations in GCK gene, one in exon 7, p.Glu265Lys (c.793 G> A), which has been previously described, and a novel one, in exon 2, p.Ser69Stop (c. 206C> G). The clinical course of both cases shows similarity in metabolic control of this form of diabetes over the years. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):490-5.

Mutações no gene da glicoquinase (GCK) são determinantes de uma forma de diabetes monogênico denominada de MODY2 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, tipo 2). O padrão clínico dessa forma de distúrbio glicêmico é bastante estável, com hiperglicemia leve, geralmente não progressiva. Intervenções farmacológicas raramente são necessárias e complicações crônicas secundárias ao diabetes são infrequentes. Descrevemos o acompanhamento clínico de dois casos de MODY2 com duas mutações diferentes, uma no éxon 7, p.Glu265Lys (c.793 G>A) já descrita anteriormente, e outra inédita no éxon 2 p.Ser69Stop (c. 206C>G). A evolução clínica de ambos os casos demonstra uma semelhança no padrão metabólico dessa forma de diabetes ao longo dos anos. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):490-5.

Effect of pre-heated dual-cured resin cements on the bond strength of indirect restorations to dentin

This study evaluated the effects of resin luting agents (LA) polymerized using increased temperature on the in vitro microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of indirect restorations to dentin. The occlusal dentin surfaces of 40 human third molars were exposed and flattened. The teeth were assigned to 8 groups (n = 5) according to the LA temperature (25°C o r 50°C), curing mode (dual- or self-curing mode), and product (Excite DSC/Variolink II [VII] and XP Bond/Calibra [Cal]). The bonding agents were applied to the dentin surfaces according to manufacturers' instructions. For preheated groups, the LAs were heated to 50°C, subsequently mixed on a heated stirrer surface, and applied to the previously heated pre-polymerized resin discs (2 mm thickness, TPH-Spectrum). The discs were bonded to the dentin surfaces, and the LAs were either exposed to a curing light according to manufacturers' instructions or allowed to self-cure. Specimens were stored in relative humidity at 37°C for 7 days. Specimens were mesio-distally and bucco-lingually sectioned to obtain multiple bonded beams with a 1-mm² cross-sectional area for mTBS testing. Data (MPa) were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (a = 5%) for each product. Specimen failure patterns were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. VII groups showed higher mTBS at 50°C than at 25°C regardless of curing mode (p = 0.05). Cal groups showed similar mTBS at 25°C and 50°C in all activation modes. The use of some dual-polymerizing LAs at 50°C may improve the mTBS of indirect restorations to dentin.